Assessing BRICS Contributions to Global CO₂ Emissions: Historical Trends and Projections to 2035

Authors

  • Okeleye Samson Opeyemi Obafemi Awolowo University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61424/bjaes.v1i1.150

Keywords:

CO₂ emissions; BRICS nations; Climate policies; Economic growth: projections

Abstract

The rapid increase in global CO₂ emissions since the 1980s, despite international climate policies and agreements, continues to exacerbate climate change. This study investigates global CO₂ emissions trends from 1980 to 2022, focusing on BRICS nations—Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—and the influence of global environmental policies and economic factors on emissions growth. The research addresses three key questions: how global emissions have evolved, the impact of the BRICS formation on member countries' emissions, and the role of international policies and economic developments in shaping emissions patterns. Using quantitative data analysis, trend comparison, and projection modeling, this study provides a comprehensive evaluation of BRICS emissions dynamics, comparing trends before and after the formation of the bloc. The findings show significant emissions growth across all BRICS countries, with China predicted to have the highest increase in emissions from 2022 to 2035 (15.24%), driven by ongoing industrial activities, followed by Brazil (13.95%), India (11.51%), South Africa (11.79%), and Russia (9.55%). Historical analysis reveals that from 1996 to 2009, BRICS nations experienced substantial emissions increases, with China and India leading. Post-2009, emissions growth rates slowed, reflecting the impact of global climate agreements like the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, but challenges remain, particularly in rapidly developing economies. This study highlights the critical role of international climate policy in shaping emissions trajectories, with BRICS countries showing mixed responses to mitigation efforts. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of CO₂ emissions dynamics, emphasizing the need for continued global cooperation and stronger climate actions to achieve long-term sustainability goals

Published

2025-01-03

How to Cite

Opeyemi, O. S. (2025). Assessing BRICS Contributions to Global CO₂ Emissions: Historical Trends and Projections to 2035. British Journal of Agroecology and Environmental Studies, 1(1), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.61424/bjaes.v1i1.150