Hydrogen Energy and U.S. Energy Law: Legal Frameworks for a Low-Carbon Economy Transition

Abstract

The transition to a low-carbon economy has positioned hydrogen energy as a critical component of the United States' energy future. This article examines the evolving legal and regulatory frameworks governing hydrogen energy development, production, transportation, and deployment within the U.S. energy system. Through comprehensive analysis of federal and state policies, regulatory mechanisms, and comparative international perspectives, this study evaluates the adequacy of current legal structures in facilitating hydrogen economy development while addressing environmental justice concerns and grid reliability requirements. The analysis reveals significant regulatory gaps and coordination challenges that must be addressed to realize hydrogen's potential in achieving decarbonization goals.