Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Solar Panel Management System with Automated Fault Detection and Swapping Capabilities

Abstract

This study presents the design and implementation of an intelligent solar panel management system equipped with automated fault detection and panel-swapping capabilities. In response to the need for consistent power in off-grid and solar-dependent systems, this project aims to enhance the reliability and sustainability of photovoltaic (PV) arrays by mitigating the impact of panel failures. The proposed system identifies faults by monitoring output parameters—primarily the short-circuited current—and promptly isolates faulty panels. Leveraging a microcontroller-based mechanism, the system then initiates a swap with a designated spare panel, ensuring uninterrupted power supply. Components such as relays, voltage sensors, and an LCD for monitoring further support real-time detection and fault management. Testing outcomes demonstrated the system's effectiveness in automatic fault identification and swapping under specified conditions, making it a valuable, low-cost solution for maintaining solar panel efficiency and longevity. The developed system offers a robust approach to minimizing downtime and operational disruptions in solar energy applications, particularly in rural or remote areas where maintenance access is limited.