Organic Farming and Its Environmental Benefits: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Organic farming has emerged as a viable alternative to conventional agricultural practices, offering sustainable solutions to the growing environmental challenges associated with modern food production. This review critically examines the environmental benefits of organic farming by synthesizing evidence from recent scholarly studies and global reports. Findings indicate that organic farming contributes significantly to biodiversity conservation, soil fertility enhancement, and improved water quality through reduced reliance on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Moreover, organic systems demonstrate potential in mitigating climate change by increasing soil organic carbon sequestration and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. While yields in organic systems may be lower compared to conventional farming, their ecological advantages and long-term sustainability benefits often outweigh production gaps. The review also highlights the role of organic certification standards and policy support in promoting environmentally friendly practices. Overall, the study underscores organic farming as a key component of sustainable agriculture, with the capacity to balance food security and environmental conservation if supported by innovative practices, policy frameworks, and increased consumer awareness.