The Impact of Social Media Platforms on Privacy: Examining Legal and Ethical Boundaries in the U.S

Abstract

This paper explores the growing tension between user privacy and the operational models of major social media platforms in the United States. As these platforms expand their influence, the boundaries between ethical responsibility and legal compliance become increasingly blurred. The paper critically examines existing U.S. data privacy laws, evaluates ethical theories relevant to digital surveillance and consent, and assesses platform practices using recent case studies. Through qualitative analysis of legal frameworks, platform policies, and regulatory actions from 2018-2023, this study reveals significant gaps between legal compliance and ethical responsibility. Findings suggest that legal protections lag behind technological capabilities, and ethical frameworks are inconsistently applied across platforms. The research proposes a four-quadrant legal-ethical framework for evaluating platform practices and provides evidence that most social media companies operate in the "legal but unethical" category. Recommendations for comprehensive federal privacy legislation, algorithmic transparency mandates, and enhanced digital literacy programs are presented as essential steps toward protecting user privacy in the digital age.