Factors Affecting Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration among Mothers in Kwandare, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigated the factors affecting breastfeeding initiation and duration among mothers in Kwandare community, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed, involving 100 breastfeeding mothers selected from the community. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), with descriptive statistics including means and standard deviations. Findings revealed that mothers demonstrated relatively high knowledge of recommended breastfeeding practices, particularly early initiation within the first hour of birth (M = 3.64, SD = 0.98) and exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months (M = 3.58, SD = 1.02). However, knowledge of continued breastfeeding up to two years was comparatively lower (M = 3.12, SD = 1.15). Despite this awareness, actual breastfeeding practices were influenced by multiple interrelated factors. Socio-cultural influences such as prelacteal feeding practices (M = 3.42) and family pressure from elderly relatives (M = 3.26) significantly affected initiation and exclusivity. Economic factors, including maternal employment (M = 3.68) and poverty (M = 3.54), were identified as key barriers to sustained breastfeeding. Conversely, healthcare-related factors such as delivery in health facilities (M = 3.72) and family support, particularly from husbands (M = 3.84), were found to positively influence breastfeeding practices. The study concludes that while awareness of breastfeeding recommendations is relatively high, optimal practices are constrained by socio-cultural norms, economic challenges, and family dynamics. It recommends comprehensive interventions, including community-based education, male involvement, supportive workplace policies, and strengthened healthcare services, to improve breastfeeding outcomes and contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3 on child health and well-being.