Rabies Prevention in Algeria: Regulatory Framework, Preventive Measures, and Perspectives

Abstract

Rabies is a highly fatal viral zoonotic disease that continues to pose a significant public health challenge worldwide, particularly in developing countries. In Algeria, rabies remains endemic, with rural communities disproportionately affected due to the high prevalence of stray and unvaccinated dogs, which constitute the principal source of human exposure. Despite the availability of effective preventive measures, cases of animal bites and potential human exposure continue to be reported annually. This article examines the regulatory framework governing rabies prevention and control in Algeria, including relevant veterinary and public health legislation. It also reviews the principal preventive strategies implemented at the national level, such as animal vaccination, post-exposure prophylaxis, epidemiological surveillance, public awareness campaigns, and multisectoral collaboration. Furthermore, the article highlights the major challenges hindering effective rabies control, including inadequate stray dog management, insufficient vaccination coverage, limited public awareness, and disparities in access to healthcare services. Finally, perspectives and recommendations are proposed to strengthen rabies prevention efforts and support the achievement of the global objective of eliminating dog-mediated human rabies deaths.