Epidemiological Assessment of Immunization Coverage and Predictors of Vaccine Uptake in Keffi Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

Immunization is a crucial public health intervention aimed at preventing vaccine-preventable diseases. Despite its importance, vaccine uptake remains suboptimal in many parts of Nigeria, including Keffi Local Government Area of Nasarawa State. This study aimed to assess immunization coverage and identify predictors of vaccine uptake in Keffi Local Government Area. A cross-sectional study design was used, with a sample size of 675 caregivers of children aged 0-23 months. Data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The study found that only 71.1% of children were fully immunized, with maternal education, antenatal care attendance, and knowledge of vaccination benefits being significant predictors of vaccine uptake. The study also identified lack of awareness, distance to health facility, fear of side effects, and cost of vaccination as barriers to vaccine uptake. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve immunization coverage in Keffi Local Government Area, including health education programs, increased access to antenatal care, and addressing knowledge gaps about vaccination benefits.